Todos tenemos en mente la típica imagen de un ser de otro planeta, cabezón y delgado. E incluso de un color verde o grisáceo pero… ¿qué opina la ciencia sobre esto?
¿Podría ser similar la vida alienígena a la humana? Para resolvernos esta pregunta primero debemos saber cuál es el elemento químico principal para la vida.
Este elemento es el carbono. Es imprescindible para formar el ADN y se cree que la vida extraterrestre debería basarse en carbono también, pese a que es solo una teoría.
El carbono es un elemento muy abundante en el universo al igual que contiene muchas propiedades para la formación de vida. Es capaz de enlazar moléculas en una gran variedad de compuestos químicos.
La idea de que la vida extraterrestre tenga que estar compuesta igual que la humana hace discrepar a muchos expertos. Para nuestro tipo de vida es imprescindible el carbono al igual que el oxígeno o el agua pero, ¿y si hay otros seres que no necesitan nada de esto?
Centrémonos en el caso de que sí que necesiten nuestras necesidades como el carbono. A esto se le llama Chovinismo del carbono, una corriente de pensamiento que argumenta que lo ajeno debe ser igual a lo propio. Para ellos es imprescindible que los seres extraterrestres sean químicamente igual a los humanos.
Carl Sagan, un reconocido astrónomo habló acerca del Chovinismo de carbono.
Carl Sagan, un reconocido astrónomo habló acerca del Chovinismo de carbono. No obstante no es el único tipo de chovinismo que se cree que existe. Otros tipos como el chovinismo de temperatura o el chovinismo de oxígeno son otras teorías que argumentan las necesidades de la vida alienígena.
No obstante no es el único tipo de chovinismo que se cree que existe. Otros tipos como el chovinismo de temperatura o el chovinismo de oxígeno son otras teorías que argumentan las necesidades de la vida alienígena.
Sagan sugirió que la vida podría formarse a base de silicio en vez de carbono. Hay innumerables formas de vida que aún desconocemos y no por ello deben formarse igual que la humana.
La NASA anunció en 2021 el hallazgo en un lago de California de una bacteria llamada Halomonadaceae GFAJ-1 que estaba compuesta a base de arsénico, un elemento tóxico y potencialmente peligroso para los humanos.
Después de años de investigación acabaron concluyendo que la bacteria no estaba formada de arsénico, sino que era resistente a éste.
Sin duda, este descubrimiento sembró la semilla del pensamiento de que a lo mejor no toda la vida se forma a base de carbono aunque hasta día de hoy no se ha descubierto ninguna otra forma concluyente.
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