La tormenta solar fue de clase M4.4 de fuerza media. El suceso ocurrió el pasado 29 de noviembre.
Una tormenta solar es una perturbación temporal de la magnetósfera terrestre que puede ser causada por una onda de choque de viento solar y/o una eyección de masa coronal que interactúa con el campo magnético terrestre.
Pueden ser muy peligrosas a gran escala debido a que una muy fuerte podría acabar con la infraestructura eléctrica de nuestro planeta transportándonos a la tecnología del siglo XVIII.
En este caso fue de clase media, la mayor registrada en los últimos tres años. Catalogada como M, (X son destellos grandes y C pequeños), esta llamarada solar M4.4 fue seguida de una eyección de masa coronal.
Estas eyecciones son enormes liberaciones de campos magnéticos de la capa externa de sol o de la corona solar.
Esta llamarada inició el nuevo ciclo solar 25, empezado en diciembre de 2019 y anunciado en septiembre por la NASA.
El ciclo solar predecesor al actual fue desarrollado entre 2008 y 2009.
Los climas solares tienen una duración de 11 años y el seguimiento de estos ciclos es fundamental para los astrónomos. No solo es útil para la ciencia sino también para nuestra supervivencia en la Tierra, como antes hemos mencionado.
Las grandes ráfagas de radiación electromagnética expulsadas por nuestra estrella pueden interferir en nuestra tecnología.
Este es el caso de las erupciones tipo X, los destellos grandes, que podrían provocar un apagón global. Por lo general las tipo M como la vivida el pasado domingo no suelen tener consecuencias mayores en nuestro planeta. Eso no las inhibe de ser perjudiciales.
Según el astrónomo Tony Phillips, declaró en la web de SpaceWeather que los rayos X y los ultravioletas generaron un apagón de radio en el océano Atlántico. Pese a haber sido catalogada de clase M, realmente podría haber sido de una clase superior.
Phillips declaró en SpaceWeather:
La explosión fue eclipsada parcialmente por el Sol. Podría haber sido una erupción de clase X perfectamente.
En unos días deberíamos tener más información acerca del suceso proporcionada por la nave espacial que tuvo una mejor visión de la llamarada.
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